What It Is?

Primary immunodeficiency refers to a group of conditions where the immune system does not function as strongly as it should. These conditions are often present from birth, though symptoms may not appear until later in life. Dr. Vishwanath specializes in evaluating and managing humoral immunodeficiencies, which entail deficiencies of antibodies.

Two common types include Selective Antibody Deficiency and IgA Deficiency. In these conditions, the body does not produce enough antibodies, proteins that help fight specific infections. Because of this, the immune system struggles to protect you against everyday germs, making infections more frequent, harder to treat, or longer lasting. While the term may sound alarming, these conditions can be effectively managed when diagnosed early, allowing patients to lead active, healthy lives.

Common Symptoms

• Frequent sinus infections
• Recurrent ear or throat infections
• Chronic respiratory infections
• Persistent cough or congestion
• Slow recovery from common illnesses
• Repeated need for antibiotics
• Unusual complications after minor infections

Triggers and Causes

Primary immunodeficiencies are typically caused by genetic variations that affect the immune system’s ability to produce or utilize antibodies effectively.
Key contributing factors may include:

• Low levels of IgA, IgG, or specific antibody types
• Difficulty producing antibodies after vaccines
• Family history of immune disorders
• Underlying autoimmune tendencies
• Viral infections that reveal an underlying immune weakness

When to See a Specialist?

You should seek evaluation if you experience frequent infections, infections that don’t improve with standard treatment, or illnesses that return shortly after finishing antibiotics. If you feel like you “catch every cold,” have recurring bronchitis, or develop pneumonia more than once, it may be a sign that your immune system needs assessment. Early diagnosis prevents long-term complications such as lung damage or chronic sinus disease.