What is it?

A food allergy is a potentially serious immune reaction to a specific protein found in food. Unlike food intolerances, which may cause digestive discomfort, true food allergies can involve the skin, respiratory system, digestive system, and cardiovascular system. 

Symptoms often begin within minutes to an hour after eating the allergen and can range from mild itching to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Food allergies affect both children and adults, and even a small amount of the allergen can cause a reaction in sensitive individuals.

Common Symptoms

• Tingling or itching in the mouth
• Hives, itching, or eczema
• Swelling of the lips, face, tongue, or throat
• Wheezing, coughing, or nasal congestion
• Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea
• Drop in blood pressure or fainting in severe cases

Triggers and Causes

While many different foods can cause food allergies, some of the important ones are:

• Peanuts
• Tree nuts (almonds, cashews, walnuts, etc.)
• Milk and dairy products
• Eggs
• Wheat
• Soy
• Fish
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster)
• Sesame (in some individuals)
• Cross-contact during food preparation
• Hidden ingredients or unlabeled allergens

When to See a Specialist?

If you have ever experienced swelling, hives, or difficulty breathing right after eating, if you believe a food is the source of your symptoms, or if responses happen frequently after eating a specific item, you should get evaluated. 

Professional testing is essential for safety, especially when determining whether a food needs to be avoided entirely or whether an intolerance, not an allergy, is involved.